It is possible that the electric fields associated with them scatter electrons and would lead to an enhanced electrical resistivity. They have been seen at a number of locations in space ( 5– 7) and observed in the laboratory ( 8). Other structures include electron phase space holes, which are Debye-scale size spikes that appear in the electric potential. These structures were subsequently seen in Earth’s ionosphere using ground-based antennas in Arecibo, Puerto Rico ( 2, 3), as well as created in RF heating experiments based in Alaska ( 4). These were called cavitons ( 1) as they were accompanied by depletions in density at these locations. For example, laboratory experiments on the propagation of high-power microwaves in density gradients have shown narrow regions of intense electric field where the incident electromagnetic wave frequency matched the local plasma frequency. In many laboratory experiments and spacecraft observations, narrow spikes in electric potential were documented. Computer simulation suggests that the potential structures are the nonlinear end result of an instability involving relative drift between ions and electrons. The spatial structure of the magnetic spikes is revealed using a correlation counting method. We show that the potential structures are chaotic for a range of their temporal half-widths and the probability density function (PDF) of their widths resembles the statistical distribution of crumpled paper. Here, we report on spiky potential and magnetic fields associated with the ropes. The structure of multiple magnetic ropes, the interactions between multiple ropes, and their topological properties such as helicity and writhing have been studied theoretically and in laboratory experiments.
When multiple flux ropes are present magnetic field line reconnection, which converts magnetic energy to other forms, can occur when they collide. They have been observed in Earth’s magnetotail and near Mars and Venus. They can be thought of as the building blocks of solar structures. Magnetic flux ropes are structures that are common in the corona of the sun and presumably all stars.
0 kommentar(er)
